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What stands between hemp and a high ? Geneticists have discovered that changes to a single enzyme in the genetic code sprain the industrial plant ’s psychoactive compound into non - high - inducing atom . The research could help improve hemp - based therapies and crops .
Marijuana and hemp come from dissimilar strains of the ganja industrial plant , Cannabis sativa . Hemp is used to make fibre and oils and was one of the other domesticate industrial plant specie , used for textile production inChinamore than 6,000 class ago . Marijuana isused as a psychotropic drugand has been used for thousands of years as medicine .
Changes to a single enzyme in the genetic code turn the plant’s psychoactive compounds into non-high-inducing molecules.
" works uphold to be a major source of medicine , both as herbal drugs and as pharmaceutical compound , " study researcher Jonathan Page , of the University of Saskatchewan in Canada , said in a affirmation .
" Decoding the cannabis genome will avail respond basic questions about the biology ofCannabis sativaand further the growth of its numberless applications , include strains for pharmaceutical yield , and hemp plants with improved productiveness , " Page added . [ Trippy Tales : The story of 8 Hallucinogens ]
Hemp or eminent ?
The full-grown difference between marijuana and hemp is the yield of differentchemicals called cannabinoids . Marijuana farm tetrahydrocannabinolic loony toons ( THCA , which turns into THC when heated ) instead of the non - psychoactive compound cannabidiolic Lucy in the sky with diamonds make by the hemp plant life strains . THCA is the compound that is responsible for not only the high-pitched that spate gives , but also its medicinal effects .
To reckon out why one strain produces THCA and the other does n’t , Page and Tim Hughes , of the University of Toronto , analyzed the complete genetic codes , or genomes , of the marihuana strain Purple Kush ( widely used for medicinal use ) and the domesticate hemp strain called Finola .
The investigator not only compare the DNA sequences of the two plants , but looked at which factor were " turn on , " a genetic sequence called a transcriptome , in the plant ’s peak .
" The transcriptome psychoanalysis show that the THCA synthase gene , an essential enzyme in THCA yield , is turned on in marijuana , but switch off in hemp , " Page say .
The researchers tell that domestication , finish and breeding of marijuana flora strains likely led to the natural selection of plants with higher expression of this gene , the THCA synthase , in strains for aesculapian use and modest expression of the cistron in fiber and fossil oil plants .
These selection insistency by marijuana breeders in all likelihood also led to the loss of another gene on the whole , the cannabidiolic acid synthase . In hemp , this gene use up the chemical substance precursor to THCA to make cannabidolic acid or else , depriving the plant of needed textile to produce the psychotropic compound . As a result hemp has very low level of the high - inducing THCA and high level of cannaboidiolic pane .
Marijuana medicine
Learning more about the differences between unlike strains of the cannabis works could aid design a good plant to make fiber and hemp oil . It could also improvetreatments for glaucoma , nausea , headache , lack of appetite and pain , condition marijuana has been O.K. to care for in 17 U.S. states , including California , Arizona and Maine , as well as in Canada , the researchers say .
The first marijuana genome was sequenced earlier this yr by the biotech company Medicinal Genomics . The information and methods used have not been equal reviewed , but the fragmented successiveness was wedge into a public database . The strain used in that sequence was name " chemdawg " and is often used medically .
A Gallup poll in October 2011 indicated that abouthalf of Americans support the legalization of pot , while an earlier poll found that 70 percent of Americans tolerate legalizing it for medical use .
The study was issue Oct. 19 in the diary Genome Biology .
